To ensure the stability of government, the governor general will usually appoint as prime minister the person who is the current leader of the political party that can obtain the confidence of a majority of members in the House. The reigning monarch is also monarch of 14 other sovereign Commonwealth countries and Canada’s 10 provinces. Five parties had representatives elected to Parliament in the 2025 election—the Liberals, who formed a minority government; the Conservatives, who became the Official Opposition; the Bloc Québécois; the New Democratic Party (occupying the left); and the Green Party.

Seniors and women showed the most pride, especially among first- and second-generation immigrants, who valued both Canadian identity and achievements. Outside Quebec, pride ranged from 91% in British Columbia to 94% in Prince Edward Island, while 70% of Quebec residents felt proud. Multiculturalism is administered by the Department of Citizenship and Immigration and reflected in the law through the Canadian Multiculturalism Act and section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The new British rulers left alone much of the religious, political, and social culture of the French-speaking habitants, guaranteeing through the Quebec Act of 1774 the right of the Canadiens to practise the Catholic faith and to use French civil law (now Quebec law). The British conquest of New France in the mid-1700s brought a large Francophone population under British Imperial rule, creating a need for compromise and accommodation. Canadian culture has historically been influenced by European culture and traditions, especially British and French, and by its own indigenous cultures.

When Bill C-3 officially comes into force—a date still to be confirmed—these individuals will be recognised as citizens automatically and retroactively. These individuals—known as “Lost Canadians”—include those born abroad to Canadian parents or grandparents but caught in gaps created by older laws, marriage rules, gender rules, or the 2009 reforms. Starting a business, permits, copyright, business support, selling to government The country is scheduled to co-host the 2026 FIFA World Cup alongside Mexico and the United States. In terms of participation, swimming was the most commonly reported sport by over one-third (35 percent) of Canadians in 2023.

Government type

The majority of Canadians (81.1 percent) live in family households, 12.1 percent report living alone, and 6.8 percent live with other relatives or unrelated persons. The most densely populated part of the country is the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor in Southern Quebec and Southern Ontario along the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. New immigrants settle mostly in major urban areas, such as Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.

A second referendum followed in 1995, in which sovereignty was rejected by a slimmer margin of 50.6 to 49.4 percent. In 1999, Nunavut became Canada’s third territory after a series of negotiations with the federal government. Canada had established complete sovereignty as an independent country under its own monarchy.

Your government

Canada resettles over one in 10 of the world’s refugees and has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world. Prior to the conferring of legal status on Canadian citizenship, Canada’s naturalization laws consisted of a multitude of Acts beginning with the Immigration Act of 1910. The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act was passed by the Parliament of Canada in 2001 as Bill C-11, which replaced the Immigration Act, 1976 as the primary federal legislation regulating immigration. Canada established its own nationality law in 1946, with the enactment of the Canadian Citizenship Act which took effect on January 1, 1947. The majority of illegal immigrants come from the southern provinces of the People’s Republic of China, with Asia as a whole, Eastern Europe, Caribbean, Africa, and the Middle East. In the mid-to-late 19th century, Canada had a policy of assisting immigrants from Europe, including an estimated 100,000 unwanted “Home Children” from Britain.

The country’s average household disposable income per capita is “well above” the OECD average. It ranks low in the Corruption Perceptions Index (14th in 2023) and “is widely regarded as among the least corrupt countries of the world”. The Toronto Stock Exchange is the ninth-largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, listing over 1,500 companies with a combined market capitalization of over US$2 trillion.

Political parties

• Following the initial period of French and then the much larger British colonization, different waves (or peaks) of immigration and settlement of non-indigenous peoples took place over the course of nearly two centuries and continue today.
• “The Maple Leaf Forever”, written in 1866, was popular and served as an unofficial national anthem of English Canada.
• Canada has one of the highest levels of Internet access in the world, with approximately 95 percent of its population aged 15 and above.
• One out of every four Canadians or 26.5 percent of the population belonged to a non-White and non-Indigenous visible minority,f the largest of which in 2021 were South Asian (2.6 million people; 7.1 percent), Chinese (1.7 million; 4.7 percent) and Black (1.5 million; 4.3 percent).
• Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec allow for both English and French to be spoken in the provincial legislatures and laws are enacted in both languages.

Inuit art since the 1950s has been the traditional gift given to foreign dignitaries by the Canadian government. Canadian literary awards and prizes include the Governor General’s Literary Awards, the Giller Prize, the Latner Griffin Writers’ Trust Poetry Prize, the Burt Award for First Nations, Inuit and Métis Literature and several accolades for literature aimed at children. Numerous Canadian authors have received international literary awards including the Nobel Prize in Literature, the Booker Prize, and the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Financial support from governmental bodies, such as the Canada Council for the Arts and various provincial grant programs, facilitates the creation, publication, and promotion of works by Canadian authors. The evolution of Canadian literature is intricately linked to the country’s historical and social contexts, often mirroring the challenges and changes in Canadian society. Canadian literature is often divided into French- and English-language literatures, which are rooted in the literary traditions of France and Britain, respectively.

Peace, order, and good government, alongside an Implied Bill of Rights, are founding principles of Canadian federalism. Canada’s largest national wildlife region, established in 2018, is the Scott Islands Marine National Wildlife Area. Established in 2015, Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area is the world’s largest freshwater protected area. Approximately 13.8 percent of its territorial waters are conserved, including 8.9 percent designated as protected areas. Approximately 12.1 percent of the nation’s landmass and freshwater are conservation areas, including 11.4 percent designated as protected areas. The boreal forest of Canada is considered to be the largest intact forest on Earth, with approximately 3,000,000 square kilometres (1,200,000 sq mi) undisturbed by roads, cities or industry.

• Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the second-largest country by total area, with the longest coastline of any country.
• Statistics Canada reports that 35.5% of the population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100%.d
• The financial crisis of the Great Depression led the Dominion of Newfoundland to relinquish responsible government in 1934 and become a Crown colony ruled by a British governor.
• The indigenous population representing 5 percent or 1.8 million individuals, grew by 9.4 percent compared to the non-Indigenous population, which grew by 5.3 percent from 2016 to 2021.
• Approximately 65 to 75 percent of Canadians have some form of supplementary health insurance; many receive it through their employers or access secondary social service programs.

Canada provided asylum for the Dutch monarchy while that country was occupied and is credited by the Netherlands for major contributions to its liberation from Nazi Germany. Canadian troops played important roles in many key battles of the war, including the failed 1942 Dieppe Raid, the Allied invasion of Italy, the Normandy landings, the Battle of Normandy, and the Battle of the Scheldt in 1944. On the advice of Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, war with Germany was declared effective September 10, 1939, by King George VI, seven days after the United Kingdom. The Great Depression in Canada during the early 1930s saw an economic downturn, leading to hardship across the country. Volunteers sent to the Western Front later became part of the Canadian Corps, which played a substantial role in the Battle of Vimy Ridge and other major engagements of the war. Because Britain still maintained control of Canada’s foreign affairs under the British North America Act, 1867, its declaration of war in 1914 automatically brought Canada into the First World canadian War.

More Words with Remarkable Origins

It re-established the French language, Catholic faith, and French civil law there, staving off the growth of an independence movement in contrast to the Thirteen Colonies. As a consequence of European colonization, the Indigenous population declined by forty to eighty percent. A developed country, Canada has a high nominal per capita income globally and its advanced economy ranks among the largest in the world by nominal GDP, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. The country is a Commonwealth realm and is officially bilingual (English and French) in the federal jurisdiction.

Ethnicity

In an effort to reduce the amount of foreign-made media, government interventions in television broadcasting can include both regulation of content and public financing. In addition to the CBC, some provincial governments offer their own public educational TV broadcast services as well, such as TVOntario and Télé-Québec. “The Maple Leaf Forever”, written in 1866, was popular and served as an unofficial national anthem of English Canada. “God Save the King” has been used in Canada since the late 1700s and is the country’s de facto royal anthem. Great achievements in art in Canada are recognized through various awards and prizes, such as the Molson Prize, the Audain Prize for the Visual Arts, and the Governor General’s Visual and Media Arts Awards. The Government of Canada has played a role in the development of art, through the department of Canadian Heritage by giving grants to art galleries, as well as by establishing and funding art schools and colleges across the country, and through the Canada Council for the Arts.

Canadian mass media, both print and digital, and in both official languages, is largely dominated by a “handful of corporations”. A 2016 report by the chief public health officer found that 88 percent of Canadians, one of the highest proportions of the population among G7 countries, indicated that they “had good or very good health”. In common with many other developed countries, Canada is experiencing an increase in healthcare expenditures due to a demographic shift toward an older population, with more retirees and fewer people of working age.

Culture

The main drivers of population growth are immigration and, to a lesser extent, natural growth. The 2021 Canadian census enumerated a total population of 36,991,981, an increase of around 5.2 percent over the 2016 figure. Canada has one of the highest levels of Internet access in the world, with approximately 95 percent of its population aged 15 and above. The vast Athabasca oil sands and other oil reserves give Canada 13 percent of global oil reserves, constituting the world’s third- or fourth-largest. The country is one of the world’s largest trading nations, with a highly globalized economy. The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law of the country and consists of written text and unwritten conventions.

The future of the permafrost is uncertain because the Arctic has been warming at three times the global average as a result of climate change in Canada. In non-coastal regions, snow can cover the ground for almost six months of the year, while in parts of the north snow can persist year-round. Winters can be harsh in many parts of the country, particularly in the interior and Prairie provinces, which experience a continental climate, where daily average temperatures are near −15 °C (5 °F), but can drop below −40 °C (−40 °F) with severe wind chills.

Canada and Ukraine

However, since the new law is about to come into force, it might be better to wait for that to happen. The law may come into force earlier, but 20 January 2026 is the current maximum date, unless another court extends it. Until this infrastructure is ready, the government cannot set a firm date for implementation. However, thorough record keeping will be important going forward. The United States hosts the largest community of Canadians outside Canada. Anyone excluded under the 2009 first-generation rules or older laws that similarly denied citizenship will automatically regain or acquire it once the bill becomes law.